American  Board  of  Commissioners 
for  Foreign  Missions 


SURVEY  OF  THE  FIELDS 


1920-1921 


By 

SECRETARY  JAMES  L.  BARTON 


BOSTON 

CONGREGATIONAL  HOUSE  1921 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2019  with  funding  from 
Columbia  University  Libraries 


https://archive.org/details/surveyoffields1900bart_2 


SURVEY  OF  THE  FIELDS,  1920-1921 

By  Secretary  James  L.  Barton 

The  work  of  the  American  Board  for  the  year  might  be  correctly  pre¬ 
sented  so  as  to  convince  the  reader  that  the  Board  is  one  of  the  greatest 
going  concerns  with  little  need  of  added  support.  Every  mission  field 
presents  many  encouraging  features  of  advances  made  and  of  new  and 
opening  opportunities  full  of  encouragement  and  promise.  There  are  a 
sufficient  number  of  cases  of  this  character  to  occupy  all  of  the  allotted 
space  available  for  this  survey.  Should  we  devote  ourselves  wholly  to  this 
phase  of  the  work  of  the  past  year,  the  result  would  be  full  of  inspiration, 
but  it  would  not  give  a  balanced  view  of  the  situation. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  presentation  might  be  made  with  equal  truthful¬ 
ness  so  as  to  give  an  impression  that  the  work  of  the  year  had  been  a  partial 
failure  from  which  the  conclusion  should  be  drawn  that  we  might  as  well 
close  up  now  as  to  struggle  on  for  a  few  years  more  in  a  losing  cause.  The 
Board,  in  spite  of  many  marvelous  openings,  has  been  face  to  face  with 
difficulties  at  times  seeming  insurmountable  and  with  discouragements 
that  might  well  daunt  the  courage  of  the  missionaries  at  the  front  and  the 
officers  at  home. 

Both  of  these  presentations  would  be  correct  so  far  as  they  went,  but 
each  taken  alone  would  be  but  partial.  A  report  that  presents  only  one 
side  cannot  be  a  correct  statement  of  the  situation.  A  balanced  presenta¬ 
tion  must  give  due  space  to  the  victories  won  as  well  as  the  failures  to  win. 

In  surveying  the  work  of  the  Board  for  the  past  year,  we  will  first  touch 
upon  some  of  the  outstanding  victories  that  reveal  the  strength  and  power 
of  the  work  the  Board,  through  its  eight  hundred  missionaries,  is  conducting 
in  its  missions  that  circle  the  world.  We  can  give  but  glimpses  of  the 
work  in  any  one  country  and  cannot  even  touch  upon  the  work  in  some  of 
the  missions.  This  survey  must  be  partial  and  limited, —  a  kind  of  moving 
picture  with  many  important  parts  of  the  reel  cut  out  in  order  to  bring  it 
within  the  limit  set. 


THE  FAR  FLUNG  LINE 

Do  the  constituents  of  the  Board  know  that  its  missionaries  are  carry¬ 
ing  on  and  supervising  work  under  twenty- two  different  governments? 
This  fact  alone  gives  some  impression  of  the  difficulties  and  complications 
of  our  work.  Do  we  know  that  in  Czechoslovakia  the  stations  and  out- 
stations  established  by  the  American  Board  through  its  representatives  are 
carried  on  today  under  the  flags  of  Czechoslovakia,  Poland,  Austria,  Jugo- 
slovakia  and  Roumania?  This  is  one  of  the  smallest  missions  of  the  Board, 
if  measured  by  the  number  of  missionaries  connected  with  it,  but,  if 
measured  by  the  governments  under  which  it  operates,  it  is  the  largest, 


3 


4 


SURVEY  OF  THE  FIELDS 


We  have  work  under  the  governments  of  Spain,  Albania,  Serbia, 
Greece,  Bulgaria,  Turkey,  the  Nationalists  in  Anatolia,  the  Soviets  in  the 
Transcaucasus,  the  French  in  Cilicia,  and  the  governments  of  India,  Ceylon, 
Rhodesia  and  South  Africa,  the  Portuguese  in  East  and  West  Africa, 
Chinese,  Japanese,  Mexican,  and,  last  but  not  least,  under  the  flag  of  the 
United  States  in  the  Philippines. 

What  are  some  of  the  outstanding  encouraging  features  of  this  far  flung 
line  of  the  advanced  forces  of  Christianity  and  civilization  operating 
through  and  under  and  with  the  American  Board? 

CZECHOSLOVAKIA 

As  we  move  eastward,  Czechoslovakia  is  one  of  the  first  to  command 
attention.  Here,  with  a  single  missionary  family,  there  are  revolutionary 
developments  that  are  startling  in  their  significance  and  promise.  Before 
the  war  the  American  Board  work  in  Austria  was  continually  hampered 
because  of  the  Roman  Catholic  opposition.  To  hold  public  meetings  special 
government  permission  must  be  secured.  Regular  Sunday  meetings  in 
the  churches  had  to  be  reported  in  advance  to  police  headquarters  and  per¬ 
mission  obtained.  It  was  a  misdemeanor  as  late  as  1914  to  sell  or  give 
away  a  Bible  on  a  train  or  in  a  public  place,  and  missionaries  were  often 
called  to  police  headquarters  to  answer  charges  as  to  violations  of  some 
religious  regulation  on  the  part  of  some  of  the  evangelical  preachers  or 
colporteurs. 

The  changes  are  startling  in  their  scope  and  significance.  Four  hundred 
thousand  Roman  Catholics  have  broken  with  Rome  and  are  establishing  a 
national  Catholic  Church.  This  Church  elects  its  priests  and  ecclesiastics, 
and  the  astonishing  thing  is  that  these  priests  are  calling  for  Bibles  in  the 
Bohemian  language  and  are  selling  them  by  the  tens  of  thousands  to  their 
people.  The  American  Bible  Society  and  the  British  and  Foreign  Bible 
Society  are  unable  to  keep  up  with  the  demand  for  these  books.  Mission¬ 
ary  and  evangelical  workers  have  every  liberty  to  hold  meetings  in  public 
squares,  on  the  streets  and  in  the  government  school  buildings  where  the 
gospel  of  Christ  is  preached  by  an  increasing  number  of  Bohemian  Christian 
leaders.  The  congregations  are  crowded.  Calls  for  opening  new  stations 
are  incessant.  In  a  recent  letter  Mr.  Porter  says: 

“The  work  moves  on.  New  fields  open  up  over  night.  Next  Sun¬ 
day  I  am  to  open  a  new  outstation  in  the  capital  city  of  Slovakia.” 

And  thus  it  would  seem  that  this  new  nation  springing  into  existence  as 
an  independent  people,  as  the  result  of  the  European  war,  is  open  to  the 
Christian  approach  for  a  safe,  sane  and  intelligent  Christianity. 

Just  as  this  report  was  in  preparation  for  the  press,  Rev.  Dr.  Albert  W. 
Clark,  appointed  to  open  this  mission  in  1872  and  continuously  since  that 
time  connected  with  every  phase  of  its  operations,  was  suddenly  called  to 
his  eternal  reward.  He  lived  to  see  the  triumph  of  his  labors. 


SURVEY  OF  TIIE  FIELDS 


5 


ALBANIA 

The  work  in  Albania  was  in  suspense  during  the  war.  The  Albanians 
have  now  established  a  government  and  it  has  been  admitted  to  the  League 
of  Nations  and  is  perfecting  its  national  organization  as  an  independent, 
self-determining  country.  The  Mohammedans  constitute  the  largest 
proportion  of  the  Albanian  people,  but  even  upon  these  their  religion  sets 
but  lightly.  They  are  eager  for  modern  education  and  the  government 
seeks  the  co-operation  of  missionaries  in  establishing  a  school  system  upon  a 
Western  basis.  The  Mohammedan  leaders  in  the  government  acknowledge 
that  Mohammedanism  is  wholly  inadequate  as  a  religion  of  the  state. 
They  also  declare  they  will  not  adopt  Roman  Catholicism  or  the  national 
Greek  Church,  but  they  are  ready  to  welcome  and  aid  a  Protestant  work 
within  their  borders.  They  believe  that  the  spirit  and  purpose  of  Protes¬ 
tantism  will  appeal  to  the  Albanians  and  meet  the  needs  of  the  new  state. 
It  is  not  their  purpose  to  have  any  national  religion,  but  they  are  seeking 
for  a  religion  that  will  be  adequate  for  the  nation.  Today  Albania  lies 
open  to  the  Christian  advance  and  is  eager  to  welcome  the  Christian  edu¬ 
cator,  the  Christian  physician,  the  Christian  promotion  of  industrial 
training  for  the  youth  of  Albania,  and  the  Christian  preacher  who  pro¬ 
claims  an  intelligent  Christianity. 

SERBIA 

The  only  missionary  work  in  Serbia  at  the  present  time  is  carried  on 
by  the  American  Board  through  its  single  mission  station  in  Monastir 
at  the  south  extremity  of  the  Kingdom.  The  Governor  of  that  district 
said  to  me  less  than  two  years  ago  that  they  would  welcome  missionaries 
from  the  American  Board,  but  they  were  equally  urgent  that  the  work 
should  be  carried  on  within  the  Kingdom  much  more  widely  than  could 
possibly  be  done  from  the  single  station  of  Monastir.  They  urged  the  open¬ 
ing  of  three  or  four  additional  stations,  beginning  at  Belgrade,  the  capital. 
They  show  a  desire  for  modern  education.  The  nation  is  more  backward 
than  Albania  in  its  present  recognition  of  Protestant  Christianity.  The 
State  Church  will  make  the  approach  more  difficult  than  in  either  Albania 
or  Czechoslovakia.  But  here  is  an  unoccupied  field  ready  for  the  institu¬ 
tions  of  Christianity  and  the  whole  field  confronts  the  American  Board 
which  has  been  carrying  on  work  in  Monastir  for  more  than  fifty  years  and 
where  there  are  a  considerable  number  of  congregations  and  churches  al¬ 
ready  established. 

BULGARIA 

The  Bulgarian  Parliament,  a  little  more  than  a  year  ago,  by  an  over¬ 
whelming  vote  gave  to  the  American  Board  in  the  near  vicinity  of  Sofia, 
the  capital,  a  plot  of  some  fifty  acres  of  land  in  order  that  the  Board  school 
at  Samokov  might  be  brought  down  near  the  capital.  It  has  been  the 


6 


SURVEY  OF  THE  FIELDS 


desire  of  the  Mission  for  years  to  remove  the  school  from  its  mountain  town, 
where  it  was  established  before  there  was  a  Bulgaria,  to  the  center  of  the 
state.  In  a  letter  just  received  from  Bulgaria  the  statement  is  made  that 
the  government  has  granted  every  request  that  the  Mission  has  made  of 
it  so  far  with  reference  to  the  change  of  location  of  the  school.  The  Min¬ 
ister  of  Education  has  recommended  to  the  ministerial  council  that  the 
American  Board  School  located  near  the  capital  shall  be  free  from 
the  operation  of  state  laws  in  their  program,  personnel,  language,  etc. 
The  Bulgarian  officials  stated  two  years  ago  that  they  felt  the  need  of  the 
mission  schools  for  the  training  of  young  men  and  young  women  of  high 
integrity  for  places  of  large  responsibility  as  teachers  and  workers  and 
leaders  in  the  state.  This  is  one  of  the  old  Missions  of  the  American  Board. 
After  the  struggle  of  a  generation  or  more  in  getting  a  foothold,  the  Mission 
now  finds  itself  face  to  face  with  opportunities  for  which  it  never  even 
dared  pray  in  the  darker  days  of  its  history.  In  no  one  of  the  Balkan  States 
is  there  such  freedom  for  the  preaching  of  the  gospel,  the  establishing  of 
churches  and  the  promotion  of  Christian  works  through  the  school  and  the 
press. 

TURKEY 

It  is  difficult  to  make  a  fair  and  comprehensive  presentation  of  the 
situation  in  Turkey.  The  death  of  so  many  of  the  ecclesiastics  of  the  old 
church  and  the  common  persecutions  and  martyrdoms  which  Protestant 
and  Gregorian  alike  have  suffered  since  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  have 
drawn  all  classes  together  and  made  them  realize  as  they  have  never  done 
before,  the  oneness  of  their  needs.  There  is  today  a  marked  unity  in 
purpose  and  in  action  showing  that  barriers  have  been  burned  away  by  the 
fires  of  persecution  and  that  they  are  now  wonderfully  ready  to  work 
together. 

The  same  is  true  to  a  large  degree  among  the  Greeks  who  are  from  within 
working  out  large  reforms  in  the  practices  of  the  National  Greek  Church 
as  it  operates  in  Turkey.  The  Bible  in  the  spoken  language  of  the  people, 
although  forbidden  by  the  Constitution  of  Greece,  is  circulating  with  a 
new  freedom,  and  the  people  are  requiring  a  better  educated  and  a  more 
morally  exemplary  clergy. 

It  is  among  the  Moslems,  Turks  and  Koords,  that  the  most  significant 
signs  are  noted.  Many  of  the  old  restraints  have  been  removed  and  many 
Mohammedans  freely  declare  their  dissatisfaction  with  Islam.  The 
Koords  in  the  eastern  part  of  Turkey  have  pulled  away  from  the  Turks  and 
are  showing  themselves  most  friendly  to  the  Christian  missionary.  There 
is  little  prospect  of  their  remaining  loyal  to  the  religion  of  the  Turks.  Re¬ 
ports  from  all  parts  of  the  country  enlarge  upon  new  freedom  of  access  to 
these  two  classes  hitherto  so  difficult  to  approach.  There  has  been  a  marked 
increase  in  the  number  of  Mohammedan  pupils  in  mission  schools,  of  whom 
many  are  eager  to  study  the  history,  content  and  claims  of  Christianity. 


SURVEY  OF  THE  FIELDS 


7 


Many  of  our  workers  in  Turkey  believe  conditions  are  maturing  for  a  real 
missionary  advance  in  Turkey.  One  writing  from  Constantinople  this 
summer  says: 

“The  fact  of  the  matter  is  that  the  city  is  full  of  Turkish  young  men 
of  great  promise,  eager  for  education  and  weary  of  intolerance,  tyranny 
and  war.” 

The  Transcaucasus,  reaching  through  to  the  Caspian  Sea,  has  become 
an  open  held  already  occupied  by  several  of  our  missionaries  as  relief  work¬ 
ers.  There  are  many  indications  that  the  Georgians,  Tartars,  Koords  and 
Russians  dwelling  there  will  prove  to  be  a  most  fruitful  held  in  which  to 
plant  the  institutions  of  the  gospel. 

This  entire  area  from  the  Dardanelles  to  the  Caspian  Sea  extending 
south  to  Syria  and  Mesopotamia  is  almost  the  exclusive  held  of  the  Ameri¬ 
can  Board,  where  for  a  century  it  has  toiled  and  sacrificed,  where  it  has 
planted  and  nourished  and  harvested.  It  is  our  territory  where  dwell 
15,000,000  needy  fellow  men  waiting  for  the  light  of  truth. 

President  George  E.  White  of  Anatolia  College,  just  expelled  from 
Marsovan,  writing  from  Constantinople  a  little  over  a  month  ago,  says: 

“I  never  felt  more  sympathy  or  less  bitterness  toward  the  people  of 
the  Near  East  than  now  and  never  had  more  faith  than  now  that  it  is 
the  message  of  Christ  and  His  life  as  brought  practically  to  bear  in  the 
life  of  men  most  effectively  by  the  methods  and  means  of  American 
Christian  education  that  will  solve  the  problems  of  these  suffering  people. 
Good  will  instead  of  hate,  tolerance  instead  of  hostility,  justice  instead  of 
spoliation,  liberty  insteady  of  tyranny,  cannot  be  made  by  law  or  officers. 
They  must  be  learned  by  boys,  and  best  of  all  in  the  Christian  school.” 

INDIA 

When  we  think  of  the  great,  populous  land  of  India  moving  out  of  its 
blind  paganism  with  startling  rapidity,  we  are  appalled  at  the  opportunity 
and  the  task.  We  have  been  able  hitherto  measurably  to  cope  with  the 
continuous  stream  of  converts  from  Hinduism  to  Christianity.  It  is  an¬ 
other  problem  to  deal  not  only  with  entire  villages  which  burn  their  idols 
and  demand  Christian  preachers  and  teachers  but  with  entire  castes  num¬ 
bering  perhaps  tens  of  thousands  of  souls  and  occupying  a  large  number 
of  villages. 

The  missionaries  of  the  American  Board  are  face  to  face  with  this  move¬ 
ment  of  masses  over  into  the  Christian  zone  where  they  expect  and  must 
have  instruction  in  Christianity,  for  as  yet  they  know  it  only  as  something 
to  be  desired.  In  both  of  our  Indian  Missions  we  are  confronted  by  move¬ 
ments  of  this  character  where  thousands  of  Indians  are  eager  to  put  them¬ 
selves  into  our  hands  for  education  and  for  training  in  religion. 

The  question  of  Christian  education  for  the  tens  of  thousands  of  Indian 
and  Ceylonese  youth  now  ready  to  be  instructed  is  not  a  problem  of  finding 


8 


SURVEY  OF  THE  FIELDS 


pupils  but  a  problem  of  finding  teachers  to  teach  and  roofs  to  shelter  the 
schools.  In  neither  of  these  countries  are  we  searching  for  pupils.  They 
are  waiting  by  the  multitude.  No  survey  can  do  justice  to  the  pressing 
opportunities  that  confront  our  Missions  in  these  tropical  fields. 

CHINA 

One  hesitates  to  speak  in  general  terms  of  the  ripeness  of  China  for  the 
Christian  appeal,  lest  he  be  charged  with  exaggeration.  Let  us  give  here 
a  statement  of  what  one  of  our  missionaries  has  accomplished,  under  God, 
in  the  last  two  years  by  way  of  winning  Chinese  to  Christ.  In  the  Shansi 
and  Shensi  field,  under  the  special  support  of  a  member  of  the  Prudential 
Committee,  Mr.  Pye  opened  during  the  last  two  years  thirty-six  new  out- 
stations  in  thirty  walled  cities.  Last  year  541  Chinese  there  made  public 
profession  of  their  faith  in  Christ  and  took  their  stand  as  Christian  workers 
in  the  Church.  This  year  more  than  one  thousand  took  the  same  stand. 
This  was  accomplished  through  no  special  methods  but  by  simple  preaching 
of  the  gospel  and  by  the  eager  labors  of  the  new  converts  who  believed  they 
were  saved  to  serve.  In  the  Paotingfu  field  there  are  today  waiting  hun¬ 
dreds  of  Chinese  eager  to  join  the  Church,  but  with  no  one  to  receive  them 
and  properly  guide  them  after  their  reception.  The  American  Board  has 
strong  stations  planted  in  five  of  the  great  provinces  of  that  great  nation 
and  people.  Its  missionaries  are  confronted  by  conditions  like  those 
illustrated  above.  The  field  is  ready  beyond  the  dream  of  even  a  few  years 
ago.  We  have  not  even  mentioned  the  great  and  increasing  student  class 
that  is  searching  the  Scriptures  and  demanding  interpreters  of  that  which 
is  too  hard  for  them  to  understand.  Is  it  any  wonder  that  the  mission¬ 
aries  wear  themselves  out  in  attempting  to  meet  these  conditions? 

JAPAN 

Rev.  Paul  Kanamori,  one  of  the  noted  Christian  preachers  in  Japan  and 
who  was  in  this  country  last  year,  has  just  said: 

“The  time  has  come  for  the  evangelization  of  Japan.  For  the  past 
fifty  years  the  Christian  work  in  Japan  was  in  the  nature  of  plowing  the 
field  and  sowing  the  seed,  but  now  the  time  of  the  harvest  has  come.” 

These  fifty  years  of  seed  sowing  cover  the  complete  span  of  the  work  of 
the  American  Board  in  that  Empire.  The  second  generation  of  mission¬ 
aries  are  in  the  field  occupying  the  stations  their  predecessors  established, 
entering  upon  the  fruits  of  their  labors.  The  body  of  American  mission¬ 
aries  in  Japan  are  of  greater  value  in  maintaining  friendly  relations  between 
the  two  countries  than  the  entire  American  navy. 

AFRICA 

In  South  Africa  we  are  confronted  by  new  outstations  springing  up 
through  the  return  of  Christian  natives  from  the  mines  in  Johannesburg  to 


SURVEY  OF  THE  FIELDS 


9 


their  homes.  Two  such  Christian  centers  have  come  into  being  without  the 
aid  of  missionaries,  simply  through  the  loyalty  and  faithfulness  of  lay 
workers.  Roth  of  these  are  calling  loudly  for  missionaries  to  dwell  among 
them  and  for  the  organization  of  churches  and  schools.  In  West  Africa 
some  forty  places  have  opened  up  within  a  year  in  which  dwell  90,000 
people  and  where  already  there  are  2878  children  under  Christian  instruc¬ 
tion.  It  would  seem  that,  as  in  China,  there  is  no  limit  to  the  numbers 
that  can  be  effectively  reached,  if  only  the  workers  are  adequate  in  num¬ 
bers  and  properly  supplied. 


MEXICO 

Here  we  have  a  mission  in  a  country  of  unrest  but  of  surpassing  oppor¬ 
tunity  and  need.  In  no  other  field  have  the  Mission  Boards  partitioned 
the  entire  country  among  the  various  denominations,  giving  each  a  dis¬ 
tinct  zone  of  exclusive  responsibility.  The  Congregational  Church  through 
the  American  Board  has  sole  direction  of  Christian  work  in  five  states  and 
Lower  California,  extending  down  the  west  coast  and  including  the  state 
of  Jalisco  with  the  capital  city  of  Guadalajara.  Here  a  population  of  two 
million  people  are  waiting  for  us  to  make  the  Christian  approach  and  to 
open  a^jaong  them  gospel  opportunities.  If  we  fail  to  respond,  no  one  else 
will  supply  the  need.  Nothing  stands  in  the  way  of  unlimited  advance  so 
far  as  local  conditions  are  concerned.  We  have  here  a  great  field  open  to 
every  phase  of  Christian  approach. 

In  the  wide  fields  occupied  by  this  Board  the  imperative  call  comes  for 
advance  and  not  for  retreat.  In  many  sections  we  must  move  forward  in 
order  to  conserve  the  victories  already  won.  In  others  we  must  go  forward 
or  step  aside  and  let  some  other  organization  enter  that  will  do  that  which 
we  decline.  We  must  not  attempt  to  hold  on  to  areas  ripe  for  the  harvest 
unless  we  can  put  in  the  workers  to  reap  the  whitened  fields. 

IMPERATIVE  NEEDS 

We  will  now  enumerate  a  few  of  the  things  we  have  been  unable  to 
accomplish  and  which  spell  failure  if  continued. 

REINFORCEMENTS 

We  are  making  no  additions  to  our  Czechoslovakia  forces  in  the  face  of 
the  prevailing  religious  revolution  that  betokens  a  new  spiritual  era  for  that 
new  republic.  We  have  no  one  to  send  to  Albania,  although  our  last  mis¬ 
sionary  family  to  that  country  returns  this  Summer  without  expectation 
of  going  back,  owing  to  ill  health.  We  find  ourselves  utterly  unable  to 
occupy  the  Serbian  kingdom  with  gospel  institutions,  although  we  are  inside 
and  have  favorable  recognition  that  promises  much  for  the  future. 

We  are  not  keeping  our  forces  good  in  Turkey.  Since  the  beginning 
of  the  war  there  have  been  20  deaths  among  the  missionaries  of  the  Board 


10 


SURVEY  OF  THE  FIELDS 


in  Turkey  alone,  while  among  the  missionaries  of  the  Board  who  were  either 
at  home  on  furlough  or  had  retired  from  active  service  in  the  Turkish  field, 
there  have  been  recorded  26  deaths  in  the  same  period.  This  means  that 
in  active  service  of  the  Board  in  Turkey  through  death  the  Board  has  sus¬ 
tained  a  loss  since  the  outbreak  of  the  war  of  nearly  twenty  per  cent.  But 
to  this  we  must  add  another  outstanding  fact,  namely,  that  all  the  active 
missionaries  connected  with  the  work  of  the  Board  in  Turkey  are  today 
seven  years  older  than  when  the  war  began,  thus  reducing  by  something 
like  an  additional  twenty-five  per  cent  the  potential  working  capacity  of 
the  missionary  force  connected  with  the  American  Board  Turkey  Missions 
at  the  outbreak  of  the  war.  These  losses  have  not  been  made  good,  but 
must  be  if  that  territory,  comprising  a  population  of  about  fifteen  million 
souls  —  probably  twenty  million  if  we  extend  the  territory  through  to  the 
Caspian  Sea  —  are  to  have  any  adequate  presentation  of  Christian  truth  in 
a  field  uniquely  the  American  Board’s. 

From  India  and  Ceylon,  etc.  come  calls  for  reinforcements,  both  men 
and  women,  to  meet  crying  needs  and  to  enable  the  Missions  to  move  for¬ 
ward  in  accordance  with  the  demands  of  the  hour;  from  the  Philippine 
Islands  where  the  whole  Moro  population  with  vast  pagan  tribes  is  prac¬ 
tically  untouched,  and  yet  the  field  is  left  to  us  waiting  for  missionaries  to 
enter  upon  the  work  and  to  train  native  peoples  for  teaching  and  preaching 
positions.  Our  work  in  the  Marshall  Islands  is  at  a  standstill,  Miss  Hoppin 
waiting  years  after  her  furlough  is  due  in  peril  of  her  life  for  someone  to 
come  and  relieve  her.  The  call  for  missionary  reinforcement  is  world  wide 
and  incessant,  which  the  Board  cannot  meet  on  its  present  resources. 

Forty-five  new  families  would  be  required  at  once  to  put  the  missions 
of  the  Board  fairly  upon  their  feet  for  aggressive  work  under  normal  con¬ 
ditions. 


SPECIAL  NEEDS  IN  TURKEY 

The  American  Board  missions  are  confronted  by  the  needs  of  its  edu¬ 
cational  institutions,  like  the  International  College  and  the  Girls  Collegiate 
Institute  of  Smyrna,  both  of  which  continued  uninterrupted  during  the 
war;  Anatolia  College  at  Marsovan  which  is  temporarily  closed  but  which 
opened  and  ran  a  year  under  reconstruction;  Euphrates  College  at  Harpoot 
which  has  been  closed  since  the  war,  its  buildings  being  used  for  the  five 
thousand  orphan  children  gathered  there;  Central  Turkey  College  at 
Aintab  which  has  been  closed  since  the  outbreak  of  hostilities  and  whose 
buildings  have  been  greatly  injured  by  their  occupation  as  a  fort  first  by 
the  English  and  later  by  the  French  in  their  conflict  with  the  Turks;  the 
Girls’  College  at  Marash  which  continued  through  the  war;  and  the  Teach¬ 
ers’  College  at  Sivas  which  was  closed  at  the  outbreak  of  hostilities.  These 
institutions,  as  soon  as  peace  settles  upon  the  counry,  must  be  strengthened 
and  given  the  means  to  do  the  work  which  the  conditions  in  the  country 
will  demand. 


SURVEY  OF  THE  FIELDS 


11 


Tn  addition,  the  American  Board  missions  will  inherit  a  vast  number  of 
orphan  children  saved  from  death  by  the  Near  East  Relief.  Many  of 
these  are  being  taught  trades  by  which  they  will  become  self-supporting,  but 
a  considerable  number  of  these  children  must  be  carried  on  in  their  studies 
and  prepared  for  the  leadership  which  the  country  will  need  in  the  future 
as  it  has  never  needed  in  the  past.  Some  of  the  brightest  boys  and  girls  of 
the  Near  East  are  in  these  orphanages  today.  The  American  Board  board¬ 
ing  schools  and  colleges  must  be  ready  and  equipped  to  take  those  who 
should  be  carried  further  in  their  studies  in  preparation  for  a  higher  work 
for  their  people  and  for  the  country. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  eight  American  hospitals  in  Turkey  were 
passed  over  to  the  Red  Cross,  were  then  taken  by  the  Turkish  government, 
and  after  that  were  equipped  and  occupied  by  the  Near  East  Relief.  The 
Near  East  Relief  work  will  soon  cease,  so  far  as  the  medical  work  is  concerned, 
and  the  American  Board  must  be  ready  to  take  these  hospitals  back  and 
give  them  full  equipment.  They  represent  the  only  modern  medicine  in 
the  country.  They  will  be  the  real  line  of  approach  to  the  superstition  and 
prejudice  of  the  great  mass  of  the  population.  Trained  missionary  physicians 
and  nurses  must  be  secured  and  these  hospitals  equipped  for  the  great 
work  which  will  be  demanded  of  them  as  soon  as  conditions  quiet  down. 

TRANSCAUCASUS 

The  Transcaucasus  is  a  new  field.  It  has  become  Soviet  from  the 
Black  Sea  to  the  Caspian,  including  Russian  Armenia.  That  whole  area 
has  been  occupied  since  the  outbreak  of  the  war  by  relief  workers,  many 
of  whom  from  the  first  have  been  missionaries  of  the  American  Board. 
They  are  there  today  working  under  the  Soviet  government  and  in  great 
harmony.  Thousands  of  the  refugees  that  have  flocked  into  that  region 
were  from  our  congregations  and  schools  in  Van,  Bitlis  and  Erzroom. 
Preachers  are  now  at  work,  and  schools  are  in  session  under  the  general 
direction  of  several  missionaries  of  the  American  Board  who  are  there  in 
relief  work  and  also  in  order  to  look  after  these  scattered  people.  The 
American  Board  has  before  it  an  opportunity  for  reaching  the  people  of 
the  Transcaucasus,  whether  the  government  remains  Soviet  or  not,  that 
has  come  to  it  without  its  seeking,  but  from  which  it  can  hardly  withdraw. 
This  touches  not  only  the  Armenians  but  the  Georgians  and  the  Tartars. 
In  a  word,  Providence  has  opened  up  a  wholly  new  field  and  has  thrust  the 
representatives  of  the  American  Board  into  it. 

UNION  AND  CO-OPERATIVE  ENTERPRISES 

The  union  and  co-operative  enterprises  in  which  the  American  Board 
missions  have  entered  are  not  receiving  the  financial  support  from  the 
Board  that  the  partnership  demands.  At  the  present  time  these  are 
largely  in  the  form  of  educational  work  at  great  mission  and  national 


12 


SURVEY  OF  THE  FIELDS 


centers  in  the  non-Christian  world.  In  India  the  American  Board,  through 
the  Woman’s  Board,  has  entered  into  co-operation  with  twelve  other  mis¬ 
sionary  organizations  in  establishing  and  supporting  a  Christian  college 
for  women  in  the  city  of  Madras.  Although  started  only  five  years  ago, 
the  college  today  is  over-crowded  with  pupils.  The  missionary  societies 
joining  together  upon  a  basis  of  simple,  direct,  positive  Christianity,  have 
accomplished  in  these  few  years  what  no  one  of  these  organizations  could 
accomplish  in  a  generation  and  more. 

Fukien  University  at  Foochow,  also  union,  also  possessing  a  new  site 
and  in  need  of  building  funds,  is  another  of  these  union  enterprises  which 
the  American  Board  is  not  now  able  to  support  up  to  its  full  and  equitable 
responsibility.  These  are  among  the  most  fundamental  of  missionary 
enterprises  and  must  be  sustained  or  they  will  be  a  failure,  but  with  adequate 
backing  are  full  of  promise. 

Then  there  is  the  Christian  University  at  Peking,  China,  supported  by 
three  American  and  one  British  Society,  already  well  launched  with  a  new 
site  secured  awaiting  the  needed  buildings.  This  school  of  Christian  learn¬ 
ing  at  the  capital  of  the  hugest  nation  on  earth,  from  which  sectarianism 
is  excluded,  and  which  has  the  favor  of  the  Chinese  Government  and  is 
already  in  its  temporary  quarters  overwhelmed  with  students,  requires 
liberal  support  and  backing  now. 

In  none  of  these  union  schools  nor  in  others  that  might  be  named  are 
we  keeping  pace  with  the  normal  progress  of  the  work.  In  a  word,  we  are 
not  doing  our  share  in  support  while  enjoying  more  than  our  share  of  the 
returns. 

MISSIONARY  HOUSES 

It  is  poor  business  and  worse  religion  to  permit  missionaries  to  live  in 
unsanitary  and  physically  unsafe  houses.  The  missionaries  are  our  choicest 
assets  and  upon  their  health  and  vigor  much  depends.  It  is  possible  that 
Mr.  Barber  might  have  been  living  today  had  the  Board  erected  for  him  at 
Mazatlan,  Mexico,  a  sanitary  residence  instead  of  compelling  him  to  occu  py 
a  native  house.  In  several  missions  we  are  not  able  to  provide  safe  dwell¬ 
ings  for  our  choice  young  new  recruits  who  trust  us  to  throw  about  them  the 
ordinary  mantle  of  protection  against  the  perils  of  a  hostile  climate  and 
threatening  surroundings.  Additional  houses  are  required  in  Mexico, 
Japan,  China,  India,  Africa,  Turkey,  the  Philippines  and  the  Balkans, 
at  an  average  cost  each  of  six  thousand  dollars. 

OTHER  FAILURES 

For  twenty  years  the  Prudential  Committee  has  made  almost  no  appro¬ 
priations  from  its  general  funds  for  hospital,  school,  college  and  church 
buildings.  Whatever  has  been  done  in  this  direction  has  been  through 
special  gifts  given  and  used  for  that  purpose.  The  need  for  help  in  a 


SURVEY  OF  THE  FIELDS 


13 


multitude  of  cases  is  appalling  and  the  failure  to  give  it  wasteful  in  the  ex¬ 
treme.  Nothing  can  he  done,  however,  upon  the  present  income  of  the 
Board. 

In  the  face  of  these  crying  needs  we  are  confronted  by  the  abnormal 
prices  of  the  war.  We  are  profoundly  grateful  that  the  price  of  silver  has 
returned  to  normal  and  so  we  are  saved  the  great  loss  on  exchange  met 
during  the  war  and  for  a  year  and  more  following  the  armistice.  But  most 
unfortunately  ocean  and  rail  rates,  transportation  charges,  costs  of  labor 
and  supplies  in  every  country  where  our  missionaries  work  are  still  abnor¬ 
mally  high,  with  little  prospect  of  early  return  to  the  former  low  level. 
This  not  only  lays  a  heavy  burden  upon  the  missionaries  themselves  but  it 
makes  all  building  operations  more  costly  and  compels  higher  salaries  for 
all  native  preachers,  teachers  and  mission  employees.  To  accomplish  the 
same  results  today  costs  from  twenty-five  to  fifty  per  cent  more  than 
before  the  war. 

In  anticipation  of  an  overwhelming  debt  that  confronts  the  Board  this 
year,  the  Treasurer  wrote  to  all  the  Mission  Treasurers  on  the  field  to  con¬ 
serve  their  expenditures  as  much  as  possible  so  as  to  credit  back  the  unex¬ 
pended  balance  of  the  appropriation  at  the  end  of  the  year.  A  letter  has 
just  come  from  one  of  these  as  follows: 

“The  Treasurer  asks  us  to  refund  tot  he  Board  as  much  as  possible  of 
the  appropriation  for  1921.  When  we  have  only  a  half  loaf  where  we 
needed  a  whole  loaf,  we  are  asked  how  large  a  piece  of  the  half  loaf 
we  can  give  back.” 

ADVANCE  OR  RETREAT  ? 

The  appropriations  of  three  years  ago  will  not  sustain  the  work  of  the 
present  time  by  $200,000.  The  only  alternatives  are  either  to  reduce  the 
work  to  that  figure  or  to  obtain  enlarged  support.  To  call  a  retreat  at  this 
crucial  period  of  mission  and  world  needs  when  every  argument  of  history, 
sentiment  and  religion  demand  advance,  is  unthinkable.  We  must  move 
forward  in  the  conquering  power  of  the  masterly  Christ  to  the  victory 
that  awaits  those  who  falter  not  in  the  day  of  battle. 

APPALLING  FACTS 

This  is  no  time  to  discuss  further  details  of  the  missionary  enterprise. 
The  hour  has  arrived  when  we  must  face  the  question  of  world  evangeliza¬ 
tion  in  the  large  and  look  upon  it  as  representing  the  one  united  Christian 
force  that  is  reaching  out  to  a  world  immersed  in  selfishness,  greed,  race 
prejudice  and  national  ambitions,  presenting  the  only  remedy  that  will 
prevent  disaster.  That  the  nations  are  facing  a  situation  that  is  ominous 
no  one  will  attempt  to  deny.  That  no  one  desires  another  war  or  even 
continued  threatening  uncertainty  all  will  undoubtedly  agree.  The  remedy 
forjpresent  untoward  international  conditions  is  eagerly  sought  by  all  and 
the  proposals  are  many  and  varied. 


14 


SURVEY  OF  THE  FIELDS 


The  question  is,  shall  the  various  nations  and  races  live  in  peace  and  in 
recognition  of  the  brotherhood  of  man,  or  shall  they  live  in  perpetual  sus¬ 
picion  of  each  other  in  an  attitude  of  armed  neutrality?  These  are  questions 
that  agitate  all  thinking  people  and  that  are  prominently  before  the  chan¬ 
celleries  of  the  world. 

There  are  those  who  maintain  that  what  the  nations  need  is  education; 
that  if  only  the  people  of  the  world  were  educated  all  fear  of  misunder¬ 
standings  and  conflicts  would  be  removed.  History  does  not  bear  out  this 
contention.  Education  is  unquestionably  a  mighty  force  in  the  world, 
but  when  misdirected  its  powers  for  evil  are  equally  potent.  Education 
did  not  prevent  Germany  from  precipitating  the  most  devastating  war  of 
history,  but  it  did  call  into  service  the  latest  discoveries  of  science  and 
learning  to  be  applied  to  purposes  of  destruction. 

Records  of  the  past  show  that  commerce  and  trade  have  little  restrain¬ 
ing  power  in  themselves  to  cement  friendly  and  cordial  relations,  while 
they  may  be  the  very  means  by  which  these  relations  are  disturbed.  What¬ 
ever  may  be  said,  commerce  is  primarily  selfish,  having  little  consideration 
for  the  good  of  the  other  party  in  its  relationship  and  in  its  international 
transactions. 

Diplomacy  has  a  certain  power  of  pacification  if  properly  conducted  and 
often  exercises  a  restraining  force  in  preventing  demonstrations  that  suggest 
or  reveal  hostile  acts  or  purposes.  But  this  restraint  is  often  exercised  in 
the  form  of  counter  threats  which  may  call  a  halt  upon  further  steps  in  hos¬ 
tile  directions  but  may  plant  the  seed  of  trouble  to  germinate  in  the  future. 
Diplomacy  has  its  place,  but  it  cannot  be  relied  upon  unaided  to  establish 
and  maintain  the  spirit  of  international  friendship  so  essential  to  world 
peace. 


THE  REMEDY 

The  remedy  for  the  unrest  of  the  world  is  in  the  hands  of  the  Church. 
It  is  found  in  and  is  based  upon  the  only  charter  of  perpetual  brotherhood 
and  permanent  international  good  will,  namely,  the  gospel  of  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ.  Its  secret  lies  in  the  recognition  that  everyone  who  bears  the 
image  of  God,  whatever  his  color,  race  or  tongue,  is  a  potential  child  of 
God  and  a  brother  of  every  other  man ;  that  it  is  more  blessed  to  give  than 
to  receive,  to  serve  than  to  be  served,  to  save  life  than  to  destroy;  that  these 
principles  are  as  binding  upon  society  as  upon  the  individual  and  upon  the 
nation  as  upon  society;  that  this  is  the  magna  charta  of  the  race  and  only 
under  its  strict  application  can  the  world  hope  for  a  state  of  stable  peace  and 
good  order. 

This  foreign  missionary  business  is  to  apply  these  principles  to  the 
peoples  living  in  ignorance  of  them  so  as  to  build  them  into  the  structure 
of  the  new  races  and  peoples  now  coming  consciously  and  politically  to 
their  own.  It  is  the  business  of  foreign  missions  to  see  that  this  generation 
of  men  and  women  receive  with  their  education  in  modern  history,  phil- 


SURVEY  OF  THE  FIELDS 


15 


osophy,  science  and  art  that  which  will  make  that  education  safe  when 
applied  to  world  relationships.  This  generation  of  Asiatics  will  have  a 
modern  education.  No  force  on  earth  can  stop  it.  But  we  must  see  that 
the  men  and  women  who  are  moving  forward  into  places  of  influence  and 
leadership  shall  possess  the  spirit  and  purpose  of  the  Christ  whose  highest 
mission  was  service  to  man.  Modern  education  everywhere  must  be 
Christian  if  a  safe  world  order  is  to  be  established  and  maintained.  And 
so  must  we  as  an  integral  part  of  the  great  foreign  missionary  enterprise 
redouble  our  effort  now,  at  this  most  critical  period  of  human  history,  lest 
the  feverish  forward  movements  of  the  nations  outstrip  the  Christian 
forces.  The  imaginations  and  the  ideals  and  the  purposes  of  the  East  must 
be  permeated  with  those  principles  which  will  make  their  societies  safe  for 
human  habitation  and  their  governments  fit  associates  in  a  permanent 
society  of  nations.  The  only  forces  operating  to  this  end  are  the  forces  of 
the  Church  of  Christ,  reaching  those  countries  through  their  many-sided 
missionary  enterprises. 

Powerful  institutions  of  education,  philanthropy  and  religion  have  been 
established  in  all  these  countries  and  are  held  in  high  esteem  by  the  people. 
They  are  widely  patronized  and  in  many  places  like  India,  Ceylon,  South 
Africa,  China  and  Bulgaria  have  high  official  sanction  and  assistance. 

GROWTH 

During  the  past  four  years  the  demands  for  expansion  have  been  and 
now  are  overwhelming.  The  embarrassment  of  all  our  work  in  every  field 
occupied  is  the  embarrassment  of  success.  The  clamor  for  an  education 
that  is  Christian,  for  a  Christian  literature,  for  medical  care  under  Chris¬ 
tian  auspices,  for  preachers  of  Christianity  in  areas  that  have  hitherto  ob¬ 
jected,  and  for  more  missionaries  to  lead  in  all  these,  in  fact,  for  everything 
that  the  American  Board  was  organized  to  give,  is  far  beyond  the  ability 
of  the  Board  without  greatly  increased  resources. 

As  a  vital  part  of  this  question  is  the  together  movement  in  the  foreign 
fields  now  becoming  so  powerful,  like  the  union  universities  and  colleges, 
the  union  medical  organizations  and  union  churches  in  which  denomination 
sinks  into  the  background  and  pure  Christianity  comes  to  the  front  in  all 
its  simplicity  and  power.  These  co-operative  measures  have  added  enor¬ 
mously  to  the  influence  of  Christianity  and  have  given  it  a  new  impulse 
wherever  established.  It  conserves  resources  as  well  as  multiplies  power. 
This  is  the  situation  which  confronts  us  today  compelling  us  to  answer  the 
question  as  to  whether  we  shall  move  forward  in  force  and  meet  these  con¬ 
ditions  as  they  must  be  met,  or  shall  proclaim  our  inability  and  order  a 
retreat  when  the  bugle  sounds  for  advance  echo  around  the  world.  This 
is  a  practical  question  which  must  be  considered  by  the  Congregational 
churches  of  the  United  States.  What  will  their  mandate  be  to  their  foreign 
missionary  organization?  What  message  shall  the  American  Board  pass 
on  to  its  missionaries  at  the  front  who  are  pleading  permission  to  enter  the 


16 


SURVEY  OF  THE  FIELDS 


open  doors  and  do  the  work  which  they  were  commissioned  to  do  and  for 
which  the  American  Board  was  originally  given  its  charter? 

I 

WHAT  OF  THE  FUTURE  ? 

It  is  imperative  that  we  look  calmly  and  impassionately  into  the  future 
and  ask  ourselves  if  we  are  supporting  this  work  in  a  way  worthy  of  those 
who  laid  the  foundations  thereof  with  heroic  courage  and  unflinching 
sacrifice.  Are  we  conscious  that  we  now  face  a  new  era,  in  fact,  almost  a 
new  world  in  which  the  rate  of  advance  will  bear  little  relation  to  what 
has  preceded?  The  missionaries  are  not  asking  for  their  personal  use  for 
more  than  they  received  before,  which  was  but  a  bare  living  with  no  surplus. 
The  native  leaders  are  taking  up  the  burden  in  the  same  spirit  that  their 
predecessors  did  a  generation  ago.  The  native  churches  are  alert  to  their 
responsibilities  in  the  work  and  are  organizing,  giving  and  sacrificing  with 
greater  devotion  than  did  their  predecessors.  The  trouble  is  we  have  not 
caught  the  vision  of  the  immensity  of  the  task  and  the  urgency  of  the  hour. 
We  are  not  keeping  step  with  the  new  forward  movements  in  every  depart¬ 
ment  of  evangelism,  of  education,  of  social  righteousness,  of  national 
purification  and  of  international  demands. 

CONCLUSION 

In  presenting  this  report  our  purpose  is,  not  only  to  inform  the  constitu¬ 
ency  of  the  Board  of  the  work  that  is  being  carried  on,  but  to  seek  counsel 
as  to  the  future.  We  are  well  on  into  the  second  century  of  our  history. 
We  have  weathered  the  greatest  war  of  history  in  which  all  of  our  missions, 
save  two,  have  been  under  the  flag  of  one  of  the  belligerents.  The  residuum 
of  the  war  is  a  surprise  and  a  challenge.  Nations  and  races  have  been  shaken 
to  their  foundations  and  we  are  face  to  face  with  conditions  and  problems  as 
different  from  those  of  a  decade  ago  as  the  problems  then  differed  from  those 
of  the  first  two  decades  of  our  enterprise. 

The  old  pace  does  not  fit  the  new  age.  In  some  features  the  war  years 
have  set  the  work  forward  a  half  century.  Nations  that  were  asleep  are 
now  awake;  sluggish  minds  have  thrown  off  their  lethargy  and  new  hopes 
and  ambitions  have  caught  the  imagination  of  the  age.  Missionary  opera¬ 
tions  can  no  more  expect  to  succeed  with  the  former  methods  and  continue 
the  work  at  the  old  pace  than  business  could  be  carried  on  today  without 
the  use  of  the  telephone  and  the  automobile. 

We  are  facing  today  a  startled  and  an  awakened  world  of  eager  men  and 
women  who  will  not  await  the  slower  processes  of  the  last  century  but  who 
demand  that  which  will  insure  in  this  generation  the  fulfillment  of  their 
laudable  aspirations.  The  world  is  moving  away  from  its  old  moorings,  but 
whither?  We  cannot  and  would  not  stop  the  movement,  but  it  must  be 
guided.  Men  and  nations  are  seeking  for  that  which  is  better.  We  must 
provide  for  them  the  best.  Nations  are  beginning  to  think  and  we  must 
see  that  they  think  right.  Millions  are  looking  for  a  better  religion  and 
we  must  show  them  that  which  has  stood  the  test  of  time. 


®ltt  itmiorrii  IFaii 
* 


Mrs.  Martha  H.  Peet,  wife  of  Dr.  W.  W.  Peet  of  Constantinople,  October 
20,  1920.  Since  1881  in  Constantinople  Station. 


Rev.  Russell  A.  Richards,  November  25,  1920,  Salonica,  Greece.  He  had 
been  only  about  a  year  in  the  field. 

Miss  Ruth  C.  Holland,  January  11,  1921,  Uduvil,  Ceylon.  Less  than  two 
years  in  the  Mission. 

Rev.  L.  Henry  Gates,  April  8,  1921,  accidentally  killed  on  way  to  Mahable- 
shwar,  India.  A  member  of  the  Marathi  Mission  from  1914  at  Barsi 
and  Sholapur. 


Rev.  Thomas  D.  Christie,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  May  25,  1921,  Pasadena,  Cali¬ 
fornia.  From  1877  to  1892  he  was  stationed  at  Marash  and  President  of 
St.  Paul’s  College  to  1920,  at  Tarsus,  Turkey. 

Mrs.  Mabel  Tucker,  wife  of  Rev.  John  T.  Tucker  of  Dondi,  West  Africa, 
May  31,  1921,  England.  With  her  husband  in  the  West  Africa  Mission 
from  1913. 

Rev.  Albert  W.  Clark,  D.D.,  June  7,  1921,  Boston,  Massachusetts.  Founder 
of  and  from  1872  to  1918  connected  with  the  Mission  to  Bohemia. 


NOT  IN  ACTIVE  SERVICE 

Rev.  Henry  M.  Bissell,  June  1,  1920,  Port  Angeles,  Washington.  For 
eighteen  years  a  member  of  the  Mexican  Mission. 

Mrs.  Charlotte  E.  Hume,  August  6,  1920,  Clifton  Springs,  New  York. 
Twenty-eight  years  in  City  of  Bombay,  India. 

Rev.  Americus  Fuller,  D.D.,  November,  1920,  Los  Gatos,  California. 
Missionary  in  Turkey,  1874  to  1905.  President  Central  Turkey  College, 
Aintab. 

Mrs.  Mary  Hines  Ebeling,  wife  of  Mr.  W.  H.  C.  Ebeling,  December  16, 
1920,  Kalamazoo,  Michigan.  For  several  years  connected  with  Tung- 
hsien,  North  China. 

Mrs.  Laura  M.,  widow  of  Rev.  Myron  W.  Pinkerton,  February  20,  1921. 
Connected  with  the  Zulu  Mission,  1871-1879. 

Mrs.  Minnie  T.,  wife  of  Rev.  Richard  C.  Hastings,  March  2,  1921,  New  Wind¬ 
sor,  Maryland.  In  Ceylon  Mission,  1882-1906. 

Rev.  Henry  Kingman,  April  15,  1921,  Claremont,  California.  Connected 
with  the  Tientsin  Station,  North  China,  1888-1899. 


